https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/status-windows-11-23h2#3253msgdesc
Workaround:
This issue can be prevented by deleting the hidden folder C:\$WinREAgent. A restart might be required. After following these steps, installing the February 2024 security update should succeed.Next steps:
We are working on a resolution for this issue and will provide an update in an upcoming release.
Windows 11 も WinRE でトラブルですかそうですか
関連
https://noushibou.hatenadiary.jp/entry/2024/01/10/081514